For the sensors themselves:
Primesense (2005) is the company behind the current sensors.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PrimeSense ... TechnologyThey sell it as carmine, and license it to asus (xtion) and microsoft (kinect).
However the kinect 2 is using a different technology (time of flight, also used for LIDAR) and microsoft apparently developped the hardware and software themselves this time.
This is a nice overview of all the techniques, primesense tech is a type of 'structured light' scanner
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_scanner#Technology